SERPosts

TRU+Lesson Study: Professional learning series for high school mathematics departments

Mon, 03 May 2021 18:54:27 GMT

As the nature of work in the 21st century continues to evolve, students will need access to high quality mathematics teaching and learning that prepares them for college and career. Schools and districts are being tasked to provide professional development opportunities for teachers to support changes in instructional practice.

Decades of research on professional development has shown that it is most effective when it provides opportunities for sustained attention and reflection of teacher teams on their own instructional content and practice. These opportunities for teachers to learn together are even more critical in the current environment. As students who have experienced learning loss in mathematics return to the classroom, teachers confront an unprecedented challenge to “accelerate learning.” The demands of the time are more likely to be met by teachers working together than by teachers left to struggle alone.

In the years just prior to the pandemic, the Oakland Unified School District partnered with the SERP Institute, Alan Schoenfeld at UC Berkeley (developer of the TRU Framework ) and Catherine Lewis at Mills College (expert in Lesson Study ) to develop TRU+LessonStudy , a model for sustained and productive collaboration among teachers in high school mathematics departments (also applicable to middle schools). TRU+LessonStudy brings together the TRU framework, which provides a lens for looking at the mathematics classroom and Lesson Study, which provides the structure for an intense and focused experience for professional learning communities into which the TRU dimensions are infused.

TRU+LessonStudy provides sessions for teacher teams to learn together over a two year period. The first year is centered around inquiry into the five dimensions of the TRU Framework: 1) the mathematics, 2) cognitive demand, 3) equitable access to content, 4) agency, ownership and identity, and 5) formative assessment. Teacher communities have an opportunity to investigate how these dimensions show-up in their own classrooms and what can be done to strengthen practice with respect to these essential dimensions. For example, in session 2 , teachers orient themselves to the TRU framework by seeing the math classroom through a student’s eyes. Activities in this session include analyzing video of an Algebra II class, looking through the TRU lens at how students in a small group solve a depreciation problem.

In Year 2, departments engage in cycles of Lesson Study framed by the five TRU Dimensions focusing in depth on their own instructional practice.

These sessions can be led by a member of the school mathematics department or an external instructional coach. Materials are designed to be facilitator friendly, and do not require extensive preparation ahead of time or extensive experience with facilitation. Each session includes an agenda, slides, facilitator notes, handouts, and classroom video (when applicable) to support collaborative learning over the course of two years (or more).

Teaching for Robust Understanding Framework (UC Berkeley)

The Lesson Study Group at Mills College

Fremont High School in Oakland, CA used TRU+Lesson Study. The district’s math coordinator and a math coach presented on the work at a conference and their presentation can be viewed here ( video • handout ). In it, they refer to feedback, such as the following:

from teachers:

I would say, the biggest value is being able to grow as a team. Consistency and common language to discuss with the TRUMath framework makes it easier to go into conversation in inquiry cycles or practicing a particular instructional strategy together. We are communicating in a common way and built that foundation. Having space and time to do that consistently year over year means that the team grows. We continue to retain teachers that are growing every year and learning together every year. The consistency has been really important.

from instructional coaches:

We built strong collective efficacy by using TRU. TRU helped us create a shared vision of instruction with enough flexibility for the team to explore what really matters to them.

from administrators:

TRU-Math meetings means we are talking about instruction; other department meetings are often taken up by other things like finals schedule, etc

Accelerate Progress in Reading with STARI

Wed, 07 Apr 2021 22:09:31 GMT

The evidence is clear.

The Strategic Adolescent Reading Intervention (STARI) accelerates the development of reading skills among adolescents who struggle with reading in Grades 6-9.

Educators know that many students continue to need help with foundational reading skills beyond elementary school, and for the last decade STARI has been proven effective in providing that support. But now, with the unprecedented situation of students experiencing an extended period of remote instruction, there will be a massive need for the accelerated reading development STARI provides.

STARI is uniquely designed to thoroughly engage students in building their reading and comprehension skills. The themes are complex and age-appropriate for older students, even though STARI builds foundational literacy skills together with grade-level reading skills.

STARI is ready to go!

For districts and schools that need to plan now for what lies ahead, STARI is ready to go! The student workbooks and teacher lesson plans can be downloaded for free , or purchased from our print-on-demand partner . The novels and other books and supplies can be ordered through the STARI literature storefront , where districts can make purchases and have the books delivered to individual schools or even individual teachers.

Teachers and students love the program.

Teachers love the program because the thorough lesson plans allow them to be successful, even when they have limited training in how to teach reading.

Students love the program because they work with partners, engage in discussion and debate of interesting topics, and read accessible books that genuinely interest them.

You can hear from students and teachers in this video.

Flexible professional learning opportunities are moving online.

STARI will offer a flexible online professional learning series to teachers. Local facilitators can be supported to lead an institute prior to the start of school and lead pre-planned PLC sessions during the school year, or teachers can complete the online course individually. Flexibility is the name of the game!

With federal and state funding requirements that specify the use of evidence-based programs, STARI has got you covered. In fact, STARI has met What Works Clearinghouse Standards Without Reservations, demonstrating strong evidence of effectiveness (ESSA TIER 1).

If you’re ready to accelerate middle grades reading in your school or district, please visit serpinstitute.org/stari. Your students will be glad you did.

Minds in Bloom Website Offers Tips for Elementary Classroom Centers

Mon, 22 Mar 2021 19:58:23 GMT

Some of the most widely used components of elementary literacy instruction are classroom centers—activity stations where small groups of students work simultaneously, either independently or with the assistance of a teacher.

Last year, I got an up-close look at how different teachers use centers when I observed elementary ELA classes as part of a project aimed at understanding barriers to reading success. While nearly every literacy block featured some form of these small group rotations, there was significant variation in time use and student agency across classrooms. In some classrooms, students moved between stations seamlessly and were better able to keep their focus when working independently, while in others, transition between centers was less efficient and students took longer to focus on the next task, resulting in less time to productively work at each station.

In interviews, teachers in classes that used time more efficiently highlighted the importance of establishing routines early in the year, but the methods for doing so were not standardized. Some teachers had created an environment where students had more ownership over their independent learning, but without witnessing how teachers initially established their centers routine, it was difficult to pinpoint how this was accomplished.

During our research, we came across a variety of methods for managing classroom centers, and in this Spotlight, we are highlighting one teacher’s approach to cultivating a system for success . Jamie Sears is a former third grade teacher who now develops curriculum and conducts professional development for elementary educators. She also writes and publishes articles for teachers on her blog, Not So Wimpy Teacher, and has worked with over 3,000 teachers in her writing masterclass.

In her post, Mrs. Sears delves into how she was able to teach her students to master the routine for small group rotations and work independently. She explains the strategies to which she credits her success and offers recommendations to teachers. Here are some of the highlights:

Take time at the beginning of the school year—at least two weeks—to train students in the new routine. This is an investment that greatly improves productivity in the following months.
Establish a classroom management system by closely monitoring each center, correcting student behavior, and answering questions so that expectations are clear and students can self-monitor.
Restructure centers if necessary, in order to minimize the time lost to transitions and promote student stamina.

Mrs. Sears underscores that she is “not blessed with perfect classes,” and that teachers can employ these strategies with all students. She was able to make her centers work while serving students with ADHD, dyslexia, and other special needs, without the help of an aid or assistant. While there are many ways to structure successful classroom centers and build student agency, we are highlighting this work because we believe other elementary ELA teachers may find her analysis valuable. The spotlighted post offers detailed guidance for any teachers interested in helping all of their students learn how to work independently in classroom centers.

Chula Vista’s Early Childhood Resources for Parents

Fri, 19 Feb 2021 00:26:00 GMT

California School District Provides Early Support to Preschool Parents

In this post, we are spotlighting the work of the Early Education team at the Chula Vista Elementary School District—a district in the southern-most region of California that extends to the US boarder with Mexico. CVESD is noteworthy for a variety of reasons, including an unusual arrangement between the district and San Diego State University initiated by Superintendent Francisco Escobedo that has supported (a dozen) district administrators to complete doctorates related to their work in the district at SDU. Working with CVESD leaders, the effect is palpable in the regard administrators have for ideas and for each other.

While there are many CVESD practices that are worthy of attention, in this post it is the support the early education team has provided for parents that we are highlighting. We are spotlighting the site in part because other districts, and parents of preschoolers everywhere, may find the CVESD Early Childhood Education website on Social and Emotional Behavior Resources valuable. But we also highlight the site because it is a remarkable example of a district effort to partner with parents in the interest of children. The blogs and the videos are friendly and empathetic, while also offering helpful and very practical suggestions rooted in research knowledge and best practices. The site also offers visual resources and videos that help parents to implement recommended practices.

Blog posts on the Chula Vista site tackle questions such as What to do when your child wants un-needed help, What to do when your child is breaking down, Helping your child cope with grief, and Using Visual Supports at Home. The visual supports, such as the “How do you feel thermometer” can be downloaded and hung at eye level for your child to help with emotional regulation, and sensory support visuals are offered, such as the set of Animal Walks Movement Cards that can be kept on hand for times when your child needs to get the wiggles out before engaging in a concentrated activity. In our own work with a district partner focused on middle schools, SERP designed a set of breathing exercises to use in the classroom to help calm students and support focus. The CVESD site helps parents to get deep breathing practice going with preschoolers to help with emotional regulation.

If you are a member of a district early education team, a preschool or kindergarten teacher, or the parent of a young child, we think you’ll appreciate what the CVESD Early Education team has to offer.

i2 Innovation and Induction Clusters

Thu, 18 Feb 2021 23:56:04 GMT

Biden’s Plan to Expand Title I Funding Could Dramatically Improve K-12 Education

K-12 education in the United States faces three major challenges that persist despite decades of policy initiatives designed to address them: lagging student performance that has fallen behind most other developed nations, growing shortages of qualified teachers , and deep inequities in outcomes associated with family income, race, and ethnicity. President-elect Biden’s proposal to expand Title I funding could support a comprehensive, bold solution to all three problems: Innovation and Induction (i2) Clusters. An i2 Cluster is a group of elementary and secondary schools located in a significantly underserved area of a school district—the schools in greatest need of additional Title I funding. Like teaching hospitals in medicine, i2 Cluster schools would be designated as places where: (a) trained master teachers mentor new teachers, and (b) practitioners collaborate with researchers to develop and test innovative teaching practices. And as in teaching hospitals, i2 Clusters would be places where excellent practice and mentoring both stimulate and respond to research.

BENEFITS

More stable teaching workforce: Research indicates that intensive support for new teachers, including a year working alongside a trained mentor and a second year with weekly mentoring sessions, would reduce the number of teachers leaving the profession in their early years by more than half.

Increased equity: Locating the sites in the lowest-performing schools would reduce inequities in access to effective and experienced educators and would place two adults in classrooms whose students stand to benefit most from additional teacher attention.

Achievement: Designating these schools as sites for researchers to work alongside practitioners would provide our nation’s outstanding education researchers with contexts for identifying and developing solutions to the instructional, social and emotional barriers to higher academic performance. Working with i2 Cluster schools will allow these challenges to be addressed in ways that respond to the complexity of the classroom and the community, and to receive the sustained attention required to create solutions that work for students, teachers and communities.

Each district-based i2 Cluster would be locally operated. Networks would be established among sites to facilitate and accelerate continuous improvement as work on a particular problem in one location is informed by work to address that same problem elsewhere. To this end, a national network hub would be charged with supporting capacity building, knowledge accumulation, and the spread of innovations across sites. But, very importantly, a local governance structure for each i2 Partnership would limit the national role to one of enhancing local efforts

FUNDING

While some of the funding for an i2 Cluster initiative may be reallocated from existing sources (e.g., induction and professional development budgets, Title I set aside funds, etc.), significant new funding will be required. Because schools with the highest concentrations of students from low-income families would be prioritized, an enhanced Title I program would serve as the natural mechanism for expanded funding—a strategy that President-elect Biden has already proposed. Though Title I is the primary source of federal funds to reduce the disparities in educational opportunity for students from low-income families, critics charge that these funds are often used ineffectively. Tying new Title I funds to an i2 Cluster initiative would ensure that these federal dollars are effectively invested because i2 Clusters would generate and use scientifically based evidence on what best increases learning for these students. They would also support allocation of the highest-quality teachers to Title I-eligible schools. The well- established relationships between researchers and practitioners in the i2 Partnership would make them an efficient and effective location for expanding federally-funded research on problems of practice that are a high priority both locally and nationally.

While its individual elements may be entirely familiar, the i2 Cluster concept is new . Some familiar elements are the effort to provide greater support to new teachers through teacher residency programs, to allow for innovation in practice in Charter Schools, and to bridge the divide between universities and school districts through research- practice partnerships. But this proposal is much more than the sum of these parts in that:

it integrates induction of new teachers, evidence-based innovation in practice, and attention to equity into a coherent whole;

it calls for a structure that would build capacity and an infrastructure for improvement nationally while prioritizing local decision-making, and

it is designed to allow sustainable funding through existing mechanisms

The teaching hospitals that serve a similar function in medicine receive upwards of $16 billion annually in federal and state dollars. Medicare and Medicaid are the stable funding mechanisms that support teaching hospitals to train new doctors and to care for low-income patients. And additional research funding allows many of the teaching hospitals to serve as locations for transformative research to improve medical practice. But while the parallel in function is striking, the funding levels are starkly different. Federal support through the Higher Education Act for partnerships between universities and school districts to train new teachers is a mere $43 million. And annual funding for teacher quality initiatives through the Every Student Succeeds Act has never reached even $100 million. Total federal support for training new teachers is therefore less than 1% of the support for training new doctors—a mirror image of the disparity in funding between education research and medical research.

Medical doctors in the U.S. are arguably the best in the world because the nation has invested in health-care excellence. We have not achieved a similar degree of excellence in our K-12 education system because we have not made such an investment. With the Title I expansion President-elect Biden has proposed, the U.S. could raise the achievement of its students, attract and retain excellent teachers, disrupt persistent inequities, and once again make education the path to upward mobility for all U.S. students.

Read the full proposal:

serpinstitute.app.box.com/v/i2-April2020

Education fuels the health of our economy.

New Remote Learning Resources for WordGen Weekly and WordGen Elementary

Thu, 03 Sep 2020 23:21:55 GMT

For teachers and students who are looking for device-friendly materials to use for remote learning, the SERP WordGen team has added new options.

For WordGen Weekly (middle school):

We added an open website ( serp.link ) with no registration necessary so teachers can point students directly to assignments.
We created “ mini-websites ” for each WordGen Weekly unit so teachers can share links to specific units, or even to pages within units, directly with students. Teachers can also add links easily into their learning management systems.
We created editable Google Doc versions of the student materials. The link to the Google Doc for each unit is in the footer of each unit’s mini-website.
We have provided guidance about how to adapt each component for remote learning environments, including suggestions about what can be done synchronously vs. asynchronously.

These special versions of free WordGen Weekly student materials are ready now for all of Series 1. Select units from Series 2 and 3 have been posted as well, and more will be prepared in the coming months. Follow us on Twitter to be among the first to know when the new units are available.

For WordGen Elementary (4th and 5th grades):

We added an open website ( serp.link ) with no registration necessary so teachers can point students directly to assignments.
We created editable Google Doc versions of the student materials.
We have provided guidance about how to adapt each component for remote learning environments, including suggestions about what can be done synchronously vs. asynchronously.

These special versions of free WordGen Elementary student materials are ready now for the first several units for each grade. Additional units will be added in the coming weeks. Follow us on Twitter to be among the first to know when the new units are available.

Quick Links:

Program Information

Resources for Remote Learning

Direct Access to Student Materials (no registration req’d)

Teacher Download Center (registration req’d)

Order Pre-printed Workbooks

Quick Links:

Program Information

Resources for Remote Learning

Direct Access to Student Materials (no registration req’d)

Teacher Download Center (registration req’d)

Order Pre-printed Workbooks

A Final Note:

Since debate, discussion, and partner work are core components of Word Generation, we believe that it is ultimately best for the program to be used in a classroom. But we hope that these modifications will be helpful to the many teachers working heroically to meet today’s challenges.

In case you missed our previous message, STARI also has new adaptations available for remote learning environments. Learn more .

New STARI Unit; New Remote Learning Resources

Mon, 31 Aug 2020 18:16:34 GMT

STARI is a comprehensive reading intervention for struggling readers in grades 6 through 9.

It brings together complex social issues, riveting literature, and engaging discussion while at the same time building foundational reading skills not gained in the earlier grades. SERP is very pleased to announce that a timely, new unit has been added to the program. In addition, we are developing device-friendly versions of the materials to help with remote learning. STARI curriculum materials are accessible online free of charge.

Past and Present Examined in "Bearing Witness"

In Unit 2.1 (STARI’s new unit, Bearing Witness), students read nonfiction material about the murder of Emmett Till in the 50s, plus a fiction piece in which a victim of modern police violence meets the ghost of Emmett Till. Like all STARI units, Bearing Witness includes a student workbook to guide students through reading assignments and to introduce crucial comprehension and decoding skills. Teacher resources include slides, lesson plans, progress monitoring assessments, do nows/exit tickets, and more. The development of reading fluency is also a major component of STARI. In this unit, the four levels of reading passages are all connected to the overarching theme of social justice.

Efforts to Set Up STARI for Remote Learning

The Bearing Witness materials are available in the same format as all the other units: free PDF downloads or pre-printed materials available to purchase. However, we are also trying something new. The STARI team has taken the following steps in order to support teachers and students who may be looking for device-friendly materials to use for remote learning, since working with printed documents may be more difficult right now.

For the Unit 2.1 Bearing Witness materials:

We divided the student workbook into lesson-by-lesson downloads.
We made “fillable PDFs” that can be completed on devices instead of with pen or pencil.
We posted student-friendly lesson overviews with links to materials (some teachers may choose to cut/paste these into their own learning management systems).
We produced brief instructional videos that cover the content of each mini-lesson.
We added an open website with no registration necessary, so teachers can point students directly to assignments, if that is helpful.
We have included recommendations about how to adapt each component for distance learning, including suggestions about what can be done synchronously vs. asynchronously.

This special adaptation of Unit 2.1 is ready now. Similar adaptations of Unit 1.1 and Unit 3.1 are on the way.

STARI Website

Information about Remote Learning with STARI

Direct Access to STARI Student Materials

STARI is Reorganized, Updated, and Expanded.

Fri, 14 Aug 2020 18:32:15 GMT

SERP’s Strategic Adolescent Reading Intervention (STARI) curriculum is now organized into three series, with Series 1 intended for 6th grade, Series 2 for 7th, and Series 3 for 8th and 9th.

All three series address similar reading needs, but the Series 2 and 3 topics and reading materials are increasingly sophisticated.

Each updated series now includes three units, with each unit’s lesson plans written for approximately 40 instructional days.

New versions of Unit 1.1, Unit 1.2, Unit 2.1, and Unit 3.1 are ready now. More new versions coming very soon.

Bearing Witness (Unit 2.1) recently added!

In this unit, students consider the meaning of justice, the importance of bearing witness to acts of injustice, and whether bearing witness can be a form of justice. They read the accessible but sophisticated novel Ghost Boys by Jewell Parker Rhodes, as well as the compelling nonfiction text The Murder of Emmett Till by Henrietta Toth.

In all the STARI units, students work with partners to develop reading fluency and skills, expand vocabulary, write about literature, and engage in meaningful discussions and debates about what they read and connections to issues facing us today.

How to get materials:

STARI curriculum materials consist of Student Workbooks, Fluency Passages, Teacher Lesson Plans, Presentation Slides, Do Nows and Exit Tickets, and Assessment Guides. All materials are free to download . You may also order pre-printed materials through SERP’s partner Goetz Printing .

The literature that connects to STARI materials is widely available. It can be purchased through SERP’s Amazon STARI Materials page or through whatever process is most convenient for your educational institution.

Edweek Publishes Op-Ed by SERP Leaders about i2 Clusters

Tue, 14 Jul 2020 18:47:14 GMT

Edweek publishes opinion piece written by SERP's founding executive director Suzanne Donovan and SERP's board chair and president emeritus of the National Academy of Sciences Bruce Alberts.

Public Schools Need the Equivalent of Teaching Hospitals

New teachers in high-poverty schools don't have enough support

By Suzanne Donovan & Bruce Alberts

We are in the midst of a national outcry for reform of a policing and criminal justice system that has had devastating consequences for many Black Americans. Though outrage has been sparked by current events, a broader reckoning with the deep roots of racism is also being demanded from many quarters. One of those roots is a sharp inequity in K-12 education.

Evidence amassed by the Learning Policy Institute makes the case that schools in low-income neighborhoods, particularly those with majority Black and Latinx families, are disproportionately staffed by teachers who are new to the profession, many of whom are underprepared for the challenges they face. Research shows that teachers are least effective when they are new to teaching and that several ineffective teachers in a row make it nearly impossible for a student to catch up to peers who have had more effective teachers. While not the only inequity in schooling, it is one with profound implications.

Engaging Students with Civics Units on Social Justice

Wed, 01 Jul 2020 19:02:37 GMT

Free instructional materials integrate social justice content and standards-based practices

We at the SERP Institute add our voices to the many millions demanding an end to systemic racism. In line with our mission, we are committed to redoubling our efforts to provide teachers with educational resources that encourage students to think deeply about justice, equality, and democracy, and to engage in informed discussion and debate about the issues that will be theirs to shape in the decades to come. The linked units below, designed for middle school but used by high school teachers as well, may be useful to those who seek to provide meaningful, student-centered instructional opportunities that are relevant to the discussions of racial bias happening today. The units were developed in 2015 and therefore do not mention specific current events. Teachers may wish to assign news articles to explore the connection between unit content and current developments.

When is a crime not a crime? focuses on variation in laws across states and the tensions between federal and state laws. It includes the story of Trayvon Martin, as well as the case of Loving v. Virginia, which challenged the Virginia law prohibiting interracial marriage. Students write an essay in response to President Obama’s speech after the Trayvon Martin verdict.

Download:

Student Booklet

Teacher Edition

Where is the justice in our justice system? explores the elements of our justice system that are intended to provide safeguards for those accused and the racial and income disparities in who is accused, taken into custody, and incarcerated. It also compares incarceration rates in the U.S. with other countries.

Download:

Student Booklet

Teacher Edition

How do we right the wrongs of the past? explores the history of voting rights in the U.S. and compares representation of women and minorities in Congress over time. It treats Jim Crow segregation, redlining, and racial disparities in wealth over a 50-year period. Students debate the case for reparations.

Download:

Student Booklet

Teacher Edition

Each week-long unit is comprised of 40-50 minute lessons each day and highlights 5–10 academic words. There are also supplementary activities for multiple content areas. Many of the activities are appropriate for at-home use, to build background knowledge and vocabulary in preparation for discussion and debate done synchronously. By bringing the controversies closer to students' lives and providing them with opportunities to identify the claims, reasons, and evidence associated with positions, students are equipped with both the background and the tools to engage in oral and written argumentation.

We will share additional SERP resources that address social justice in the near future. We welcome your feedback, including specific ways that we might improve our content.

Keep 4th and 5th Grade Students Engaged in Distance Learning

Thu, 28 May 2020 19:27:38 GMT

"Get out of the pond, immediately! The pond is closed because bacteria levels are too high."

Getting students to engage with school work while at home can be a challenge. So it’s more important than ever to provide materials that are interesting enough to command their attention. WordGen Elementary is designed to do just that! Plus, it supports the development of academic vocabulary, close reading, reading comprehension, perspective-taking, critical thinking, and writing.

All WordGen Elementary units are free to teachers and families.

Whether you’re planning for the fall or looking for lively literacy activities to finish up this school year, check out Unit 4.07. This unit is on a topic that is especially relevant today!

Unit 4.07: Who gets to decide what's safe?

Student Pages: PDF • Google Doc (will launch as copy)
Teacher Edition: PDF

Vocabulary cards, newsletters for families, and other resources for WordGen Elementary are available online at the WordGen Elementary website .

We need your feedback.

In response to requests from teachers, we are considering making more of our materials available in this convenient editable Google Doc format, but we need to hear from you to determine if there is enough demand. If you would, please email us at info@serpinstitute.org to let us know what you think about the Google Doc format for the student pages.

Thanks to all the teachers and administrators who are charting a new course for students in these unprecedented times!

Supporting WordGen Debates During Distance Learning with Kialo

Mon, 20 Apr 2020 18:14:00 GMT

The challenges of distance learning can lead to greater reliance on worksheets at the very same time that students are being asked to motivate their own learning.

WordGen units that focus on deeper thinking about topics that engage students continue to be freely downloadable from our website , but the aspect that students find most engaging—the weekly debates—are difficult to replicate outside the classroom. We are very pleased to have discovered a platform that can serve as a companion to Word Generation by supporting interactive, written debates.

Kialo EDU is a free, user-friendly, online platform designed to support students to think critically, strengthen arguments, and engage in discussion and debate. It allows you, the teacher, to post a debate question (such as a WordGen unit question) and different theses (such as the WordGen debate positions) and invite your students to participate in the debate. Under each position or thesis, students can enter evidence or reasoning as a pro or con, add links to articles or evidence they find online, “like” or comment on the value of different entries, and rate entries on a five point scale. You will be able to see which students are participating and what they are contributing.

You can control access so that only your students can participate, or you can invite others to view the debate entries. You also have the option of creating teams to make it easy to assign students to participate in each debate. You can then choose whether to allow teams to view each other’s debates without having writing privileges.

We hope you might find this platform helpful in supporting students to continue building their academic language, argumentation, and reasoning skills from a distance. We would love to hear any feedback on how Kialo works for your classroom!

We suggest you watch the brief introduction video and review the Kialo tour to get a sense of how Kialo works.

Getting Started with Kialo:
Go to https://www.kialo-edu.com
Click ‘Sign Up’ and enter your information.
You’ll be brought to your ‘My Kialo” dashboard. Here, you are able to start creating discussions for your classrooms by clicking on ‘Create Discussion’ in the top right hand corner of the screen.
You can then follow the steps to create your discussion. Choosing “Single Thesis” allows you to create a pro/con debate around a particular claim. Choosing “Multiple Theses” allows you to enter a discussion topic (the WordGen debate question) and multiple positions (multiple WordGen debate positions).
Once you have entered your discussion details, you can click the ‘Share’ button in the top right hand corner to invite students to your discussion. You may choose to also enable the Discussion Access link (giving anyone with the link viewing access to the discussion without logging in) or the Participant Invite link (allowing students to join the discussion via the link once they create an account).
If you would like to create separate teams, click the “Teams” option in the menu on the My Kialo page and follow the instructions to create a new team. Note that it is possible to invite other teams as “viewers” of another team’s debate.

STARI Resources for Distance Learning in Middle Grades Literacy

Tue, 14 Apr 2020 19:41:51 GMT

In our work with partner schools and teachers, we have received several requests for recommendations regarding how to adapt STARI for use at home during this challenging period of distance learning.

In response to these requests, we have adapted several resources that we are making available to our broader STARI community. Please feel free to pass these resources along to others who may find them useful! While these resources were created with current STARI students and classrooms in mind, those who are new to STARI may find them useful as well.

These resources include:

Independent/Partner Reading Packets:

The Skin I'm In by Sharon Flake (Unit 1.1)

This compilation is designed to guide your students through the work of reading and comprehending the Unit 1.1 novel, The Skin I'm In, by Sharon Flake. This packet integrates the sections of the novel usually led by the teacher with guided reading. Students may use the packet independently, working at home.

Locomotion by Jacqueline Woodson (Unit 1.2)

This packet integrates the sections of the novel usually led by the teacher with guided reading with the partner reading activities. This compilation is designed to guide your students through the work of reading and comprehending the Unit 1.2 novel, Locomotion, by Jacqueline Woodson. Students may use the packet independently, working at home.

The Big Nothing by Jacqueline Woodson (Unit 2.2)

This compilation is designed to guide your students through the work of reading and comprehending the Unit 2.2 novel, The Big Nothing, by Adrian Fogelin. This packet integrates the sections of the novel usually led by the teacher with guided reading. Students may use the packet independently, working at home.

Additional units coming soon!

Fluency Passages

STARI fluency passages are designed strategically to build decoding skills and background knowledge as well as developing fluency. STARI students can continue to build these skills at home using the fluency passages on their assigned level. This remote work can be enhanced if a student has a sibling or family member to work with as a partner or if the student can pair up with a classmate over the phone or computer.

Additional suggestions regarding these resources and others are available via the link below.

Free educational materials for teachers and families

Wed, 18 Mar 2020 21:44:25 GMT

Dear SERP Community,

While schools across the country have been forced to close their doors, teachers and families have been tasked with creating new ways to educate and support students. If SERP resources can be of help during this difficult period, please remember that they are available as free downloads to all—teachers, families, and anyone else who is interested. We have highlighted a few below that we think may be particularly suitable for online platforms and for families working together at home.

Please pass this message along to families in your community as well as any others you think might find the resources helpful. You may share any of these resources with students and families by email, LMS, etc. as well.

Thank you for all you do to support our next generation every day, especially during this challenging time.

The SERP Team

MATH

AlgebraByExample (usually Grades 8 or 9)

9 algebra topics, 42 individual assignments

Students analyze and explain correctly and incorrectly worked examples targeting common errors in algebra and then work on similar problems on their own.

More information | Sign up for free downloads

MathByExample (Grades 4 & 5)

13 math topics, 125+ individual assignments

Students analyze and explain correctly and incorrectly worked examples targeting common errors in math and then work on similar problems on their own.

More information | Sign up for free downloads

Poster Problems (Grades 6 & 7)

6 sixth grade problems, 6 seventh grade problems

These are more complex, open-ended problems that encourage creating and comparing multiple representations.

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SCIENCE

Science Generation (Grades 6-8)

18 five part units plus a large bank of additional activities within a digital dashboard

SciGen covers a variety of science topics, including cells, energy, environment, matter, and more. The “dashboard” is full of interactive media.

More information | Sign up for free downloads and access to the dashboard

SOCIAL STUDIES

Social Studies Generation (Grades 6-8)

18 five part units

Asking students to consider multiple points of view, these units include topics such as ancient civilizations, the experiences of two children of Sudan, and complex questions related to American democracy.

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LITERACY

WordGen Weekly (Grades 6-8)

72 five-part units available

Uses a societal dilemma to frame brief activities to promote academic language development, argumentation, perspective-taking, and discussion.

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WordGen Elementary (Grades 4 & 5)

24 ten-part units available

Develops academic language, argumentation, and perspective-taking skills through activities, reading, writing, discussion, and more. Each unit focuses on a discussable question and even includes a video newscast and a script for a reader’s theater!

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GENERAL

Focus 5 (all grades)

A selection of deep breathing activities for calming and centering. Includes downloadable cards and audio recording of students leading the activities.

More information and free access

Coming Soon from SERP

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 17:25:42 GMT

SERP has many projects under way that will produce new resources for educators. Here’s what to expect in the year ahead:

Digital version of MathByExample

At the request of teachers, we are developing a web-based platform that will allow students to complete the assignments electronically from a tablet or computer. The platform will allow teachers to select assignments for students in any order, to monitor student progress, and to respond with individual feedback. It will allow teachers to easily review similarities and differences in students’ responses to particular items and to easily review an individual student’s work over time. Teachers will even be able to use the platform to author their own assignments for students. There will be a modest charge for the electronic version so that SERP can maintain the platform, but the printer-friendly PDF assignments will still be free to download. Once the MathByExample platform has been successfully launched, we anticipate being able to provide an electronic version of AlgebraByExample, as well.

Online professional learning series for WordGen

Because Word Generation is SERP’s most widely-used program, there is a strong demand for professional learning support. In-person, comprehensive PD can be prohibitively expensive, however. To respond to requests by schools and districts, we will release a self-paced online professional learning series this year that will prepare teachers to successfully launch and use WordGen Weekly and WordGen Elementary. The series will provide opportunities for teachers and coaches to explore WordGen practices and skills, such as discussion, argumentation, academic language, perspective taking. The series is designed with collaborative teacher teams in mind, but it can be used by individual teachers, as well. Faculty for the course include Harvard Professor Catherine Snow, Boston University Professor Cathy O’Connor, and senior WordGen Coach Cara Cassell. SERP will work with districts and teachers to provide information and distribute completion certificates to support professional advancement. There will be a fee associated with the course to cover maintenance and support costs.

Updates to WordGen Weekly materials

WordGen Weekly introduces a controversial issue each week, providing students with the opportunity to build academic language, engage in discussion and debate in which they use evidence to defend their positions, and engage in argumentative writing. Our WordGen Weekly users can look forward to updates to these materials in 2020. While many units will have only minor edits, others will look quite different. Several units will receive major revisions, such as the unit on teen curfews at malls, which is not as relevant when fewer and fewer students meet at the mall. Other units will only receive corrections or changes to statistics, such as updating the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. and China in recent years. If you order or download WordGen Weekly materials for use in the 2020-2021 school year, you will see these updates.

STARI program extending over three years

The Strategic Adolescent Reading Intervention, or STARI, is designed for students in grades 6-9 who are reading at about a third or fourth grade level. Although initially designed as a year-long intervention, two “series” of materials were created to provide the option for students of enrolling in the program for more than one year. The two series cover similar skills but vary in the sophistication of topics to address the age range of the targeted students. However, teachers and administrators frequently asked why there weren’t three “series” to cover all three middle grades, since having students from different grades in the same course can cause logistical challenges. We also observed that classes were not able to complete the four units provided in each series within a single school year. Work is now underway to provide three years of STARI materials, each with three units, to better fit the needs of schools adopting STARI. We anticipate this work will be completed during 2020.

SERP support for a major shift in education policy

Standards and accountability measures target changes in teaching and learning in the classroom. A myriad of factors affect what goes on in the classroom in ways that diminish the effectiveness of these policy measures. Factors include, but are not limited to, teacher turnover, pre-service training and professional development, educator beliefs, curriculum materials and other resources, classroom and school culture, and stressors from outside the school that affect the classroom. Any combination of these factors can impede the improved outcomes that policy makers are targeting.

SERP proposes an alternative strategy that calls for investments in a cluster of schools within a school district where research and development partners work on addressing the many barriers to sustained, scalable improvement. As with teaching hospitals in medicine, these schools would also serve as the sites for more intensive support for new teachers and for creating a professional culture of collaboration and improvement during the period of professional identity formation. SERP will be working with district partners, foundations, and policy makers in the year ahead to advance this strategy. Read more here .

Internal Coherence Framework and Tools Now Accessible in a New Book

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 22:45:12 GMT

The research team of the Internal Coherence Project has developed a set of processes and protocols to build the collective capability of the adults in a school/school system to carry out an instructional improvement strategy.

With the release of the new publication, The Internal Coherence Framework: Creating the Conditions for Continuous Improvement in Schools (2017, Harvard Education Press), the team shares its clinical tools and the research base that has shaped their design or selection.The book addresses topics that, when left unaddressed, routinely undermine the success of reform efforts.

These include the creation of psychological safety, a vision anchored in the instructional core, a strategy focused on adult learning, and the explicit cultivation of collective efficacy for instructional improvement. The internal coherence approach and clinical tools were developed in SERP partnerships with school districts in Massachusetts, Texas, and California, as well as institutes for professional development in New York. SERP partners from the Central Valley Educational Leadership Institute and the Clovis Unified School District have begun to lead the coherence work in over 50 schools in the Central Valley.IC researchers Michelle Forman (SERP), Elizabeth Leisy Stosich (Fordham University), and Candice Bocala (WestEd), are developing ways for individual schools, school systems, and professional development institutions to connect to the project. If you are interested in using the foundational learning experiences, essential practices, or internal coherence survey (available for free download at ic.serpmedia.org), send inquiries to info@serpinsitute.org.

Science Generation now has a digital cousin!

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 22:34:44 GMT

The SciGen Teacher Dashboard is a large online collection of resources for middle school science teachers drawing from selected content in the classic SciGen, but with lots of great new assets added as well.

Inside the dashboard you'll find digital interactives, videos, animations, comics, teaching slides, and so much more! It's organized into handy lesson plans offered in sequences, but teachers can select assets à la carte to augment any program of instruction. By carefully listening to teachers, SERP found that they desired readily available, highly engaging, and easy-to-manage materials focused on thinking, real-world events, evidence, and the literacy demands of science. With this in mind, we were careful to merge hands-on and language intensive activities.

This new open educational resource from SERP was developed in partnership with the Middle School Quality Initiative of the New York City Department of Education, the San Francisco Unified School District, and many scientists and content experts. (Including our own Dr. Bruce Alberts!)

Not only is this platform new, there’s also a lot of new content to be explored. There are three new cell units, plus new material on waves, density, and matter. This brings the total number of units to 24. The 18 units in the previous version's format will also remain available.

Also included are Teacher Tune-ups : just-in-time overviews, right next to the relevant student materials. These are quick content refreshers for busy professionals.

SERP Media and Design Team Moves to Oakland

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 22:24:32 GMT

SERP’s team of instructional and graphic designers, illustrators, and videographers has moved across the bridge from San Francisco to Oakland.

The SERP Studio has moved into Artthhaus Studios , a redevelopment of a 1916 cannery - turned manufacturing building - turned creative hub - in the Fruitvale area of Oakland. The space is attracting many innovative non-profit organizations and has been designed with numerous common spaces to create community among organizational residents of the building. The move comes at a time when the SERP Studio is beginning to provide design services to other non-profit organizations such as OpenSciEd and Understanding Language at Stanford University.

Using Word Generation with English Learners

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 22:18:50 GMT

Additional resources and tips for teaching English learners have been updated for the new Word Generation website.

Word Generation was not originally developed as an English Language Development curriculum for English learners (ELs), but the program is replete with features that can enhance language and literacy development for ELs. The focus on academic language and discussion allows ELs to participate in a number of beneficial ways. For those who have recently immigrated to the U.S., discussions can provide an introduction to relevant topics that they may not have encountered previously. Teachers have reported that Word Generation activities can provide important footholds for English learners; however, additional scaffolds may be necessary for use with students just starting with English.

Check out some additional resources and tips from teachers:

Advancing Academic Language for All! (AALA) for WordGen Weekly Series 3
Multilingual newsletters and Spanish language supplements to WordGen Elementary

Tips for Supporting English Learners in WordGen Classrooms

General Tips for Maximizing Access and Participation in WordGen Classrooms

ByExample...for High School Geometry!

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 22:15:28 GMT

IES has funded a new project that will support iterative development and testing of worked example assignments for high school geometry.

Since the release of AlgebraByExample several years ago, SERP has received numerous requests to apply the ByExample approach to high school geometry. However, translating the worked example approach to mathematics content that is focused less on computation or equation-solving and more on proofs, logical reasoning, and spatial visualization poses new challenges. Just recently, the Institute of Education Sciences funded the ByExample partnership team led by Dr. Julie Booth (Temple University) to develop and test GeometryByExample.

Like the other ByExample projects, GeometryByExample will address student misconceptions and common errors, and it will be designed for flexible use as a supplement to a wide-range of curricula without requiring costly professional development.

At this time, the project is just getting underway. During the 2019-20 and 2020-21 school years, the drafted assignments will go through an iterative development process and be tested in a diverse set of classrooms in partner districts. Should you be interested in becoming involved in the development work or testing the assignments in your classrooms, please email info@serpinstitute.org .

Significant Impacts from MathByExample

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 22:08:40 GMT

Preliminary results are in, and analyses demonstrate statistically significant results for students using the MathByExample Grade 5 materials over the course of a year.

In an IES-funded project conducted as a collaboration between Jullie Booth (Temple University), SERP, and several school districts, students using MathByExample scored higher on a range of assessments than their peers, including released standardized test items, procedural and conceptual understanding, algebra readiness, and PARCC spring scaled scores.

The MathByExample materials are free for anyone to download and print for non-commercial educational purposes on the MathByExample website. Please share these resources with your colleagues!

STARI Updates and New Resources Now Available

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 22:05:10 GMT

Based on feedback from STARI teachers and coaches, SERP has developed an assessment guide and other classroom-ready resources to supplement the STARI curriculum .

Because STARI students read well below grade level, teachers have asked for assessments that will allow them to closely track student progress. A new STARI assessment guide provides regular opportunities for progress monitoring. New do nows and exit tickets provide content-aligned activities for students during transition periods, while also offering teachers a quick look at student engagement and comprehension of text. The new STARI resources are incorporated into the “2019 Beta Versions” section of the STARI Download Center . At this time, revised materials for units 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, and 2.2 have also been posted. The remaining units will be revised and posted as they become available.

Here is a summary of the changes you’ll see in the beta versions:

Optional “do nows” and “exit tickets” for each lesson (student-facing materials available as a separate download)
Optional opportunities to assess students’ progress on skills such as comprehension strategies, decoding, discussion, and fluency (assessment guide for each unit available as a separate download)
Objectives language now aligned with standards and levels of rigor
Timestamps added with estimated length of each activity
Adjusted activities in some of the “overstuffed” lessons so that each lesson is between 40 and 50 minutes (not including do now and exit ticket)
Thumbnails of the slides and student workbook pages added in the teacher lesson plans to make it easier for teachers to see all lesson materials at a glance

Clarifying revisions to the fluency routine:

Split out the “silent read” and the “first timed read” into steps 1 and 2 on day 1
Changed the name of the “word study” section to the more accurate descriptor “decoding”

In addition, content changes were made to a few units:

In Unit 1.2, we replaced the text Who Are These People? (Fallon) with Foster Families (Poole).
In Unit 2.1, we eliminated the focus on the decoding skill consonant blends in order to make space to focus on the more complex decoding skill adjective suffixes.
We made minor content changes/updates in some fluency passages.

The Chemistry of Climate Change

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 22:00:47 GMT

SERP is working in collaboration with school districts and university chemistry faculty to create a high school chemistry course focused on the compelling issue of climate change that is now energizing so many young people.

High school science teachers are often frustrated by materials that cause their students’ eyes to glaze over, but nowhere has the frustration been greater than with high school chemistry. The course is often taught as a bloodless subject filled with technical models, abstract problem sets, and labs that are most interesting to students when they go awry. Yet chemistry has the potential to provide solutions to the largest science and engineering challenges students will confront as adults: how to make choices as citizens, consumers, producers, and investors that will allow humanity to prosper in the Earth’s fragile habitat.

San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) has developed a curriculum that integrates Earth Science and focuses the later half of the curriculum on climate change. SERP contributed peripherally to the SFUSD effort but is now developing a distinct curriculum that builds on some of the SFUSD components. With support from the Koshland Foundation, SERP is working in collaboration with Oakland Unified School District (OUSD) and in consultation with SFUSD on a curriculum that will integrate climate change right from the opening pages. Dr. Bruce Alberts, SERP board chairman and President Emeritus of the National Academy of Science, has recruited an outstanding advisory board of chemists to engage with the developers. David Dudley is leading the curriculum development project for SERP, working with a team of curriculum writers and activities developers.

New SERP Partnership with District of Columbia Public Schools Focuses on Early Literacy

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 21:58:42 GMT

The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) has awarded a partnership grant to a DCPS-SERP team to explore contributors to variation in student reading success across schools with similar demographic characteristics.

District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) has made significant investments over a decade in early literacy: The district was the first to extend enrollment to all three- and four-year-olds. It has introduced five essential literacy practices that are closely aligned with the research literature and has provided opportunities for teachers to learn about how to enact those practices and for administrators to learn how to observe, evaluate, and support the practices. DCPS has also adopted a phonics program (Fundations) and developed a district-wide core curriculum for literacy. While significant student gains have accompanied these changes, there are still schools in which the majority of students are not reaching proficiency in reading by third grade. District leaders proposed a partnership with SERP to dig deeper into the contributors to literacy outcomes both by integrating and analyzing data sets and by doing case studies of a set of schools that have similar characteristics but vary in literacy outcomes. The goal of the project is to identify strategies district instructional leaders might pursue to better support schools to achieve reading success for their students. Corinne Colgan (DCPS Chief of Teaching and Learning), Catherine Snow (Harvard University), and Suzanne Donovan (SERP) are co-PIs for the project.

Hear from STARI Teachers and Students in NYC Schools

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 19:01:31 GMT

The Strategic Adolescent Reading Intervention (STARI) is a Tier II program for students in grades 6–9 who are reading below grade level.

The New York City Department of Education’s Middle School Quality Initiative (MSQI) has been using the program in many of its schools, and SERP was interested in capturing the experience to share with others. SERP partnered with video producer Jim Hoppin and MSQI network leaders, teachers, and students to produce this video.

New Login System to Access SERP Materials

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 18:03:03 GMT

If you haven’t already, please re-register to access SERP materials.

The streamlined login system on the new site provides access to all of SERP’s free resources under one digital roof. SERP’s current download centers will be retired in the coming weeks.
register here!

SERPosts

TRU+Lesson Study: Professional learning series for high school mathematics departments

Accelerate Progress in Reading with STARI

The evidence is clear.

STARI is ready to go!

Teachers and students love the program.

Flexible professional learning opportunities are moving online.

Minds in Bloom Website Offers Tips for Elementary Classroom Centers

Some of the most widely used components of elementary literacy instruction are classroom centers—activity stations where small groups of students work simultaneously, either independently or with the assistance of a teacher.

Chula Vista’s Early Childhood Resources for Parents

California School District Provides Early Support to Preschool Parents

i2 Innovation and Induction Clusters

Biden’s Plan to Expand Title I Funding Could Dramatically Improve K-12 Education

BENEFITS

FUNDING

Education fuels the health of our economy.

Top Ten SciGen Slides Worldwide

The SciGen Teacher Dashboard is an online teaching resource for middle school science teachers

New Remote Learning Resources for WordGen Weekly and WordGen Elementary

For teachers and students who are looking for device-friendly materials to use for remote learning, the SERP WordGen team has added new options.

For WordGen Weekly (middle school):

For WordGen Elementary (4th and 5th grades):

New STARI Unit; New Remote Learning Resources

STARI is a comprehensive reading intervention for struggling readers in grades 6 through 9.

Past and Present Examined in "Bearing Witness"

Efforts to Set Up STARI for Remote Learning

STARI is Reorganized, Updated, and Expanded.

SERP’s Strategic Adolescent Reading Intervention (STARI) curriculum is now organized into three series, with Series 1 intended for 6th grade, Series 2 for 7th, and Series 3 for 8th and 9th.

Bearing Witness (Unit 2.1) recently added!

Edweek Publishes Op-Ed by SERP Leaders about i2 Clusters

Edweek publishes opinion piece written by SERP's founding executive director Suzanne Donovan and SERP's board chair and president emeritus of the National Academy of Sciences Bruce Alberts.

Public Schools Need the Equivalent of Teaching Hospitals

Engaging Students with Civics Units on Social Justice

Free instructional materials integrate social justice content and standards-based practices

Keep 4th and 5th Grade Students Engaged in Distance Learning

"Get out of the pond, immediately! The pond is closed because bacteria levels are too high." ﻿

Supporting WordGen Debates During Distance Learning with Kialo

The challenges of distance learning can lead to greater reliance on worksheets at the very same time that students are being asked to motivate their own learning.

STARI Resources for Distance Learning in Middle Grades Literacy

In our work with partner schools and teachers, we have received several requests for recommendations regarding how to adapt STARI for use at home during this challenging period of distance learning.

Independent/Partner Reading Packets:

Fluency Passages

Free educational materials for teachers and families

Coming Soon from SERP

SERP has many projects under way that will produce new resources for educators. Here’s what to expect in the year ahead:

Internal Coherence Framework and Tools Now Accessible in a New Book

The research team of the Internal Coherence Project has developed a set of processes and protocols to build the collective capability of the adults in a school/school system to carry out an instructional improvement strategy.

Science Generation now has a digital cousin!

The SciGen Teacher Dashboard is a large online collection of resources for middle school science teachers drawing from selected content in the classic SciGen, but with lots of great new assets added as well.

SERP Media and Design Team Moves to Oakland

SERP’s team of instructional and graphic designers, illustrators, and videographers has moved across the bridge from San Francisco to Oakland.

Using Word Generation with English Learners

Additional resources and tips for teaching English learners have been updated for the new Word Generation website.

ByExample...for High School Geometry!

IES has funded a new project that will support iterative development and testing of worked example assignments for high school geometry.

Significant Impacts from MathByExample

Preliminary results are in, and analyses demonstrate statistically significant results for students using the MathByExample Grade 5 materials over the course of a year.

STARI Updates and New Resources Now Available

Based on feedback from STARI teachers and coaches, SERP has developed an assessment guide and other classroom-ready resources to supplement the STARI curriculum .

The Chemistry of Climate Change

SERP is working in collaboration with school districts and university chemistry faculty to create a high school chemistry course focused on the compelling issue of climate change that is now energizing so many young people.

New SERP Partnership with District of Columbia Public Schools Focuses on Early Literacy

The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) has awarded a partnership grant to a DCPS-SERP team to explore contributors to variation in student reading success across schools with similar demographic characteristics.

Hear from STARI Teachers and Students in NYC Schools

The Strategic Adolescent Reading Intervention (STARI) is a Tier II program for students in grades 6–9 who are reading below grade level.

New Login System to Access SERP Materials

If you haven’t already, please re-register to access SERP materials.

"Get out of the pond, immediately! The pond is closed because bacteria levels are too high."